Basics of Eukaryotic cells: DNA, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, ER ...

[ATGC2001]

Eukaryotic cells, as you may remember from biology, contain ribosomes and cytoplasm, among other features. The life of eukaryotic cells begins with organelles whose outer membranes sustain microenvironments. Organelles called mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to concentrate hydrogen ions used in the creation of ATP molecules. Such organelles are essential for the proper functioning of cell structure and development.

Eukaryotic cells also contain a nucleus, which contains DNA (as well as its transcription into RNA), safeguarded against reactions within the cytoplasm that may cause them damage. Eukaryotic cells also contain Golgi bodies, which help to select, sort and provide transport proteins and lipids into or out of the cell membranes. Eukaryotic cells also contain what is known as rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and smooth ER. Golgi bodies are organelles found within a eukaryotic cell that attach sugar side chains to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins and lipids.